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Method Article
Visualization of the Primo Vascular System,a Putative Cancer Metastasis Thread Afloat in a Lymph Duct
Kwang-Sup Soh
Nano Primo Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University,
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY-NC 3.0 License. Read Full License
Because of the potential roles of the primo vascular system (PVS) in cancer metastasis, immune function, and regeneration, understanding the molecular biology of the PVS is desirable. The current state of PVS research is comparable to that of lymph research before the advent of LYVE-1. There is very little knowledge of the molecular biology of the PVS due to difficulties in identifying and isolating primo endothelial cells. Present investigations rely on the morphology and the use of differential staining procedures to identify the PVS within tissues, making detailed molecular studies all but impossible. To overcome such difficulties, one may emulate the explosive development of lymph molecular biology. For this, one needs a reliable method to obtain PVS specimens to initiate the molecular investigation. One of the most reliable methods is to detect the PVS afloat in the lymph flow. The protocols for observation of the PVS in large lymph ducts in the abdominal cavity and the thoracic cavity were reported earlier. These methods require a laparectomy and skillful techniques. In the current work, we present a protocol to identify and harvest PVS specimens from the lymph ducts connecting the inguinal and the axillary nodes, which are located entirely in the skin. Thus, the PVS specimen is more easily obtainable. This method is a stepping stone toward development of a system to monitor migration of cancer cells in metastasis from a breast tumor to axillary nodes, where cancer cells use the PVS as a survival rope in hostile lymph flow.
Keywords
Lymph, Primo vascular system (PVS), Cancer metastasis, Regeneration, Immunology, Alcian blue
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Associated Publications
Protocol for the Observation of the Primo Vascular System in the Lymph Vessels of Rabbits
by Sharon Jiyoon Jung, Sang Yeon Cho, Kyoung-Hee Bae, +7
Journal Of Acupuncture And Meridian Studies (19 November, 2013)
A Method for the Observation of the Primo Vascular System in the Thoracic Duct of a Rat
by Sungha Kim, Sharon Jiyoon Jung, Sang Yeon Cho, +3
Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine (19 November, 2013)
Observation of a Long Primo Vessel in a Lymph Vessel from the Inguinal Node of a Rabbit
by Young-Il Noh, Yeong-Min Yoo, Ran-Hyang Kim, +4
Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine (19 November, 2013)
Isolation and Morphological Features of Primo Vessels in Rabbit Lymph Vessels
by Young-Il Noh, Minsuk Rho, Yeong-Min Yoo, +2
Journal Of Acupuncture And Meridian Studies (19 November, 2013)
Primo Vascular System in the Lymph Vessel from the Inguinal to the Axillary Nodes
by Seung Hwan Lee, Kyoung-Hee Bae, Geum Ock Kim, +5
Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine (19 November, 2013)
Characterization of the Primo-Vascular System in the Abdominal Cavity of Lung Cancer Mouse Model and Its Differences from the Lymphatic System
by Jung Sun Yoo, M. Hossein Ayati, Hong Bae Kim, +3
PLoS ONE (19 November, 2013)
Microscopic nodes and ducts inside lymphatics and on the surface of internal organs are rich in granulocytes and secretory granules
by Byoung S. Kwon, Chang M. Ha, Sungsook Yu, +3
Cytokine (19 November, 2013)
Primo Vascular System Floating in Lymph Ducts of Rats
by Sharon Jiyoon Jung, Kyoung-Hee Bae, Min-Ho Nam, +3
Journal Of Acupuncture And Meridian Studies (19 November, 2013)
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This is a preprint. It has not completed peer review.
Method Article
Visualization of the Primo Vascular System,a Putative Cancer Metastasis Thread Afloat in a Lymph Duct
Kwang-Sup Soh
Nano Primo Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University,
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
History
CURRENT STATUS: Posted
Version 1
Posted 19 Nov, 2013
No community comments so far
Metrics
Comments: 0
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY-NC 3.0 License. Read Full License
Because of the potential roles of the primo vascular system (PVS) in cancer metastasis, immune function, and regeneration, understanding the molecular biology of the PVS is desirable. The current state of PVS research is comparable to that of lymph research before the advent of LYVE-1. There is very little knowledge of the molecular biology of the PVS due to difficulties in identifying and isolating primo endothelial cells. Present investigations rely on the morphology and the use of differential staining procedures to identify the PVS within tissues, making detailed molecular studies all but impossible. To overcome such difficulties, one may emulate the explosive development of lymph molecular biology. For this, one needs a reliable method to obtain PVS specimens to initiate the molecular investigation. One of the most reliable methods is to detect the PVS afloat in the lymph flow. The protocols for observation of the PVS in large lymph ducts in the abdominal cavity and the thoracic cavity were reported earlier. These methods require a laparectomy and skillful techniques. In the current work, we present a protocol to identify and harvest PVS specimens from the lymph ducts connecting the inguinal and the axillary nodes, which are located entirely in the skin. Thus, the PVS specimen is more easily obtainable. This method is a stepping stone toward development of a system to monitor migration of cancer cells in metastasis from a breast tumor to axillary nodes, where cancer cells use the PVS as a survival rope in hostile lymph flow.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Associated Publications
Protocol for the Observation of the Primo Vascular System in the Lymph Vessels of Rabbits
by Sharon Jiyoon Jung, Sang Yeon Cho, Kyoung-Hee Bae, +7
Journal Of Acupuncture And Meridian Studies (19 November, 2013)
A Method for the Observation of the Primo Vascular System in the Thoracic Duct of a Rat
by Sungha Kim, Sharon Jiyoon Jung, Sang Yeon Cho, +3
Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine (19 November, 2013)
Observation of a Long Primo Vessel in a Lymph Vessel from the Inguinal Node of a Rabbit
by Young-Il Noh, Yeong-Min Yoo, Ran-Hyang Kim, +4
Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine (19 November, 2013)
Isolation and Morphological Features of Primo Vessels in Rabbit Lymph Vessels
by Young-Il Noh, Minsuk Rho, Yeong-Min Yoo, +2
Journal Of Acupuncture And Meridian Studies (19 November, 2013)
Primo Vascular System in the Lymph Vessel from the Inguinal to the Axillary Nodes
by Seung Hwan Lee, Kyoung-Hee Bae, Geum Ock Kim, +5
Evidence-Based Complementary And Alternative Medicine (19 November, 2013)
Characterization of the Primo-Vascular System in the Abdominal Cavity of Lung Cancer Mouse Model and Its Differences from the Lymphatic System
by Jung Sun Yoo, M. Hossein Ayati, Hong Bae Kim, +3
PLoS ONE (19 November, 2013)
Microscopic nodes and ducts inside lymphatics and on the surface of internal organs are rich in granulocytes and secretory granules
by Byoung S. Kwon, Chang M. Ha, Sungsook Yu, +3
Cytokine (19 November, 2013)
Primo Vascular System Floating in Lymph Ducts of Rats
by Sharon Jiyoon Jung, Kyoung-Hee Bae, Min-Ho Nam, +3
Journal Of Acupuncture And Meridian Studies (19 November, 2013)